Read

Articles

Protein Coffee (Proffee): The Real Science and How to Make It
Science 12 min read

Protein Coffee (Proffee): The Real Science and How to Make It

Protein coffee — proffee — went viral on TikTok, but does it actually work? Here's what the science says about caffeine plus protein, plus how to mix it without clumps.

Does Coffee Dehydrate You? What Science Actually Says
Science 11 min read

Does Coffee Dehydrate You? What Science Actually Says

The dehydration myth, debunked with the actual research. Coffee is 98–99% water. Moderate daily consumption does not cause net dehydration — and the early studies that started this myth had significant methodological problems.

How to Freeze Coffee Beans: The Hoffmann + Gagné Method
Science 17 min read

How to Freeze Coffee Beans: The Hoffmann + Gagné Method

The problem with freezing coffee was never cold — it was condensation. The vacuum-sealed single-dose protocol both physicists actually use, step by step.

Best Espresso Grinders 2026: 5 Tested From $139 to $629
Equipment 17 min read

Best Espresso Grinders 2026: 5 Tested From $139 to $629

We tested 5 espresso grinders under $600 plus a stretch pick. The $139 hand grinder outperformed the $200 electric. Here's where to put your money.

The Fresh Bean Trap: Why 'Too Fresh' Ruins Espresso
Brewing 16 min read

The Fresh Bean Trap: Why 'Too Fresh' Ruins Espresso

CO2 outgassing inflates crema nearly 2x and drops extraction yield 1–2 points. Rao's fresh bean trap, and the 7–21 day rest window for espresso.

Why Your Grinder Matters More Than Your Espresso Machine
Equipment 13 min read

Why Your Grinder Matters More Than Your Espresso Machine

Gagné analyzed 300 particle size distributions across 24 grinders. Here's what the physics says about why the grinder — not the machine — decides your cup.

Turbo Shots: Why Fast Espresso Beats 25-Second Dogma
Science 12 min read

Turbo Shots: Why Fast Espresso Beats 25-Second Dogma

Turbo shots pull in 15-20 seconds at a coarser grind and hit 80% of max extraction with more aroma than traditional pulls. The Smrke 2024 and Hendon 2020 science, and how to dial one in.

The Ugly Truth About Kopi Luwak: Cruel, Fake, and Not Even Good
Science 14 min read

The Ugly Truth About Kopi Luwak: Cruel, Fake, and Not Even Good

Kopi luwak is marketed as the world's rarest coffee. The reality: caged civets, rampant counterfeiting, and a mediocre cup James Hoffmann calls cruel and overhyped.

Espresso Martini and 7 Coffee Cocktail Recipes
Drinks 13 min read

Espresso Martini and 7 Coffee Cocktail Recipes

Espresso martini, Irish coffee, carajillo, coffee negroni, and 4 more -- eight coffee cocktail recipes with barista tips and ingredient ratios.

Best WDT Tools for Espresso Distribution (2026)
Equipment 15 min read

Best WDT Tools for Espresso Distribution (2026)

We compared 6 WDT tools plus a DIY build. Normcore v4 and Foretype lead for most home baristas — here's why needle gauge and depth matter more than price.

RDT Coffee Grinding: The Science Behind the Spray Bottle
Science 14 min read

RDT Coffee Grinding: The Science Behind the Spray Bottle

The Ross Droplet Technique cuts grinder static by 50% and retention by 75%. Here is the peer-reviewed science and how to apply RDT at home.

Best Coffee Refractometer for Home Baristas (2026)
Equipment 12 min read

Best Coffee Refractometer for Home Baristas (2026)

DiFluid R2 vs VST LAB Coffee III — which refractometer should you buy? We compare accuracy, price, and real-world workflow for home espresso.

Tamping Pressure Doesn't Matter: Why Level Beats Hard
Brewing 13 min read

Tamping Pressure Doesn't Matter: Why Level Beats Hard

Rao's tests show 10-50 lb tamp force has no measurable effect on extraction. Here's the physics, the proof, and what actually matters in your tamp.

Third Wave Coffee: History, People, and the Movement That Changed How We Drink
Science 13 min read

Third Wave Coffee: History, People, and the Movement That Changed How We Drink

The complete history of third wave coffee — from Peet's in 1966 to the fourth wave debate. Who coined the term, what it actually means, and how four roasters and one auction changed coffee forever.

Pressure Profiling Espresso: The 3-Phase Guide
Brewing 15 min read

Pressure Profiling Espresso: The 3-Phase Guide

Pressure profiling explained — Rao's 3-phase model (preinfusion, full pressure, decline), why it beats flat 9-bar, and how to start on any machine.