Coffee leaf rust wiped out Ceylon's coffee in the 1870s and swept Central America in 2012–13. How the fungus works, what each epidemic cost, and why resistant varieties are losing ground.
How Colombia's coffee growers' federation, founded in 1927, created Juan Valdez in 1959–60, licensed his logo for 100% Colombian coffee and opened Juan Valdez cafés, with dates and sources.
Stumptown and Blue Bottle compared from their own pages: where each began, their flagship blends and labeled roasts, dated prices, cafés, and who owns each company now after the 2026 sales.
How Brazil became the world's coffee giant: Palheta's 1727 seeds, plantations built on slavery, immigrant colonos, the 1906 Taubaté valorization and the coffee Brazil burned in the 1930s.
A macchiato is an espresso marked with a little milk foam, but the name also covers the latte macchiato and Starbucks' Caramel Macchiato. Here's how each one is built, recipe by recipe.
Make cold brew concentrate Jessica Easto's way: 96 g of coffee to 600 g of cold water for 12 hours, diluted one to one to serve. With yields, serving strengths, steep times and fridge storage.
New grinder burrs grind coarser and more evenly as they break in. Gagné needed 12 lb for a Baratza Forté and 24 lb for an EG-1. What changes, what makers say, and how to tell when it's done.
What happens in an Ethiopian coffee ceremony: green beans roasted and pounded by hand, coffee boiled in a clay jebena, three rounds called abol, tona and baraka, and how it varies across the country.
Espresso is a small, strong coffee made by forcing hot water at high pressure through a tamped bed of fine grounds. Here's what defines it, where it came from and why the grinder matters so much.
How a dripper's material changes the temperature of the coffee in the cone, from Jonathan Gagné's tests of plastic, ceramic, glass and steel drippers, and what preheating can and can't fix.
When to stop drinking coffee before bed: what sleep studies found at 100 and 400 mg, how much caffeine is left at bedtime at different half-lives, and how to find your own cutoff.
Black coffee has about 2 calories a cup, and time-restricted eating trials have allowed it. Here is what milk, cream, sugar and butter add, and why a blood-test fast is stricter.
A dated history of 2020's coffee event cancellations, from the SCA Expo to the world championships, and the online events that replaced them, from the Virtual Coffee Festival to Re:co online.
How professionals profile a coffee under the SCA's 2024 standards, describing it, rating it and recording its origin as separate steps, and a home version for working out what you like.
Where to find specialty coffee in Porto and across the Douro in Vila Nova de Gaia: 7g Roaster, two Porto roasters that run cafés, and how to order coffee in Portugal, all checked October 2026.