George Howell Coffee

Decaf Cadefihuila Medium, Colombia

colombia medium roast natural castillo, colombia, caturra, cenicafe
dark chocolatealmondand caramel

Same cooperative, same farmers, same harvest, same decaffeination process. The only variable George Howell changed is roast level — light to medium. The cup transforms. The light roast version leads with brown sugar and delicate almond. Push the roast into medium territory and the chemistry shifts in two directions simultaneously. Chlorogenic acids — the compounds responsible for bright, citrusy acidity — degrade as heat increases. They break down into quinic acid, which in small amounts adds a clean bitterness that reads as dark chocolate rather than harshness. That degradation is the difference between "brown sugar" in the light roast and "dark chocolate" in this one. Meanwhile, the Maillard reaction accelerates. Longer roasting drives more amino acid and sugar interactions, generating a denser population of melanoidins — the large, brown polymers that create body and mouthfeel. The medium roast builds noticeably more viscosity than its light counterpart. Strecker degradation also shifts: valine and leucine break down into methylpropanal and 3-methylbutanal, compounds that produce malty and dark chocolate aromas. The almond note persists from isoleucine's contribution of 2-methylbutanal, but it sits behind the chocolate now instead of leading. The caramel character deepens rather than disappears. Furanones and maltol — the volatile compounds your brain reads as sweet — survive at medium development. They take on a darker, more cooked-sugar quality compared to the lighter roast's raw-sugar brightness. Decaf's porous cell structure interacts differently with medium roasting than intact beans do. The cells are already open from decaffeination, and medium roasting opens them further. The double porosity means this coffee extracts even faster than the light roast version. Grinding coarser compensates — slowing water penetration enough to keep the cup in the sweet, chocolatey center rather than racing into bitter territory.
Chemex 6-Cup 89/100
Grind: 565μm Temp: 90°C Ratio: 1:15.5-1:16.5 Time: 3:30-4:30

The Decaf Cadefihuila Medium arrives at 90°C — a 4°C total reduction from baseline split between medium roast (-2°C) and natural processing (-2°C). The grind sits 15μm coarser than baseline, reflecting natural processing's effect on cellular structure without the -40μm light-roast solubility penalty the light version requires. Medium roast has degraded enough CGAs that extraction is no longer fighting against light roast's extraction resistance — instead the goal is maximizing the dark chocolate, almond, and caramel development that medium roasting built through Maillard and caramelization reactions. The Chemex's thick paper filter strips the natural-process oils, letting those compound types express with clarity. At 1,600m, these Castillo and Caturra grounds are denser than Cerrado Bourbon but the medium roast has reduced that density relative to the light version.

Troubleshooting
sour: Grind finer by ~22μm and raise temp 1°C. Medium-roast Colombian decaf sourness in the Chemex usually means the brew ran fast and stopped before the caramelization sweetness extracted. The Chemex thick filter needs the right grind to maintain adequate contact time.
flat: Grind finer by ~22μm and raise temp 2°C; check water mineral content. Flat cups on this medium natural mean extraction is insufficient — the dark chocolate and caramel notes are locked in the grounds. Inadequate minerals compound the problem significantly.
Hario V60-02 88/100
Grind: 515μm Temp: 90°C Ratio: 1:15.5-1:16.5 Time: 2:30-3:30

The V60 recipe for this medium-roast Colombian natural mirrors the Chemex parameters — 90°C, +15μm grind, 1:15.5–1:16.5 ratio — because both are paper-filter pour-overs where the light-natural extraction adjustments aren't needed. Without those adjustments, the recipe treats this as a medium-solubility natural bean where the primary changes are temperature moderation (not aggressive reduction) and a slightly coarser grind to prevent the natural-processing characteristics from creating too much flow resistance. The paper filter strips natural-process oils that would otherwise amplify heaviness over the dark chocolate and almond clarity. At 2:30–3:30 total brew time, the V60's fast drain means the grind calibration matters: too coarse and extraction is insufficient; too fine and the brew stalls, risking over-extraction of the outer layer of grounds.

Troubleshooting
sour: Grind finer by ~22μm and raise temp 1°C. V60 flow rate is sensitive to grind size. For this medium natural Colombian, sourness indicates extraction stopped before the Maillard-built dark chocolate and caramel sweetness dissolved.
flat: Grind finer by ~22μm and raise temp 2°C; verify water mineral content. Flat cups in the V60 mean global underextraction — not channeling. This medium-roast Colombian at 1,600m still has enough bean density to require adequate grind fineness.
Kalita Wave 185 87/100
Grind: 545μm Temp: 90°C Ratio: 1:16.5-1:17.5 Time: 3:00-4:00

The Kalita Wave recipe for this medium natural Colombian runs identical deltas to the V60: 90°C, +15μm grind, slightly wider ratio (1:16.5–1:17.5). The meaningful difference between the Wave and V60 for this bean is the brewer geometry — the flat bed's three-hole drain creates more uniform water distribution across the grounds than the V60's single large drain hole. For a medium-roast natural Colombian where the goal is extracting the full dark chocolate-to-caramel flavor arc without sourness on one end or bitterness on the other, evenness of extraction matters more than brew rate. The Wave's characteristic balance — neither the brightest nor the fullest method — is well-matched to this bean's profile: medium-roast Maillard sweetness doesn't need the maximum clarity of Chemex or the maximum body of French press.

Troubleshooting
sour: Grind finer by ~22μm and raise temp 1°C. The Wave's flat bed helps evenness but doesn't eliminate sourness from global underextraction. This medium-roast Colombian decaf needs adequate surface area to extract past its CGA layer into the caramel sweetness zone.
flat: Grind finer by ~22μm and raise temp 2°C; check water mineral content. Flat Wave cups indicate underextraction rather than technique problems — the flat bed's evenness makes channeling rare. Increase extraction variables before checking brew technique.
AeroPress 87/100
Grind: 415μm Temp: 81°C Ratio: 1:12.5-1:13.5 Time: 1:00-2:00

The AeroPress for this medium natural Colombian drops to 81°C — a substantial reduction from filter brew temperatures suited for this roast level. No special extraction adjustments are needed here because medium roast has already increased solubility sufficiently; the bean doesn't need the elevated temperature the light version requires. At 81°C under AeroPress pressure, extraction is still efficient because the pressurized press compensates for lower thermal activation. The natural-process fermentation character adds complexity to the concentrated 1:13 ratio, and the paper filter clarifies the dark chocolate and almond notes from the medium-roast Maillard development. The +15μm coarser grind prevents puck resistance from becoming unmanageable during pressing, which addresses the same natural-processing structural consideration as the pour-over methods.

Troubleshooting
strong: Reduce dose 1g or add 15g water. The AeroPress at 1:12.5–1:13.5 is already concentrated. This medium Colombian natural's dark chocolate richness means overstrength reads as heaviness rather than bitterness — dilution preserves the flavor arc while dropping TDS.
bitter: Grind coarser by ~22μm and drop temp 1°C. AeroPress pressure accelerates extraction — bitterness from this medium natural means dry distillate extraction is outpacing sweetness. Coarser grind at 81°C limits extraction rate within the short press window.
Clever Dripper 87/100
Grind: 545μm Temp: 90°C Ratio: 1:15.5-1:16.5 Time: 3:00-4:00

The Clever Dripper applies the same logic for this medium Colombian natural as it does for the Brazilian medium natural: immersion builds body from the Maillard-rich medium roast, and paper filtration clarifies the natural-process oils. At 90°C for 3–4 minutes, the sealed immersion steep gives the dark chocolate, almond, and caramel compounds — all products of medium-roast Maillard and caramelization reactions — full time to dissolve into solution before the drain opens. The +15μm grind is consistent across all non-light-roast methods for this bean: natural processing's cellular structure differences call for slightly coarser grind versus washed coffees to prevent over-packing. The 1:16 ratio produces a balanced cup where the Clever's characteristic body sits slightly above pour-over methods but well below French press.

Troubleshooting
strong: Reduce dose 1g or add 15g water. The Clever's full immersion extracts consistently and efficiently. This medium-roast Colombian natural's almond and dark chocolate richness concentrates fast — slight dilution is preferable to rebuilding the steep parameters.
bitter: Grind coarser by ~22μm and drop temp 1°C. Bitterness in the Clever Dripper usually means over-extraction during the steep. For this medium Colombian natural, coarser grind reduces the extraction rate and keeps the cup in the dark chocolate sweetness zone rather than pushing into dry distillates.
Espresso 77/100
Grind: 265μm Temp: 89°C Ratio: 1:1.5-1:2.5 Time: 0:25-0:30

Espresso with this medium-roast Colombian natural decaf scores 77/100, and the structural reasoning is straightforward: natural processing's fermentation volatiles amplify under pressure in ways that are harder to predict than washed coffees. The recipe runs 89°C (1°C cooler than pour-over methods, accounting for both roast level and processing) and the +15μm coarser grind applies at the espresso scale too, though at 265μm the absolute change is proportionally smaller than at pour-over grind sizes. The dark chocolate and caramel flavor profile of the medium roast is well-suited to espresso concentration — these are compounds that intensify without becoming harsh. Almond note intensity typically amplifies at espresso TDS, which is an asset here.

Troubleshooting
strong: Reduce dose 1g or add 15g to output weight. Espresso concentrates this bean's dark chocolate and almond character — overstrength here means those flavors become flat and heavy rather than vivid. Extending the ratio slightly keeps the flavor arc intact.
sour: Grind finer by ~10μm and raise temp 1°C. Sour espresso on a medium roast means channeling or short extraction. The +15μm natural-processing grind delta is already factored in — at 265μm, fine adjustments of 10μm have significant puck resistance impact.
Moka Pot 68/100
Grind: 365μm Temp: 96°C Ratio: 1:9.5-1:10.5 Time: 4:00-5:00

The moka pot scores 68/100 for this bean — same as the Brazilian medium natural, and for the same reason: metal mesh passes natural-process oils that compete with the cup's flavor clarity. Where the Brazilian Bourbon's natural processing generates fermentation-derived fruit character, this Colombian natural's medium roast builds Maillard dark chocolate and almond notes that the oils can amplify into heaviness. The 96°C base water follows the same logic as the Brazilian medium: at moka pot's lower operating pressure, extraction temperature at the basket is below water temperature, so starting hot compensates. The +15μm grind ensures the basket doesn't over-compact with steam pressure. The 68/100 score is not a disqualification — it means pour-over methods will express the dark chocolate and caramel more clearly, but moka pot delivers a rich, oil-inclusive cup.

Troubleshooting
strong: Reduce dose 1g or add 15g water. Moka pot produces 2–3× filter-method concentration. This medium Colombian natural's dark chocolate richness intensifies further with natural-process oils — diluting slightly with hot water before drinking is more practical than adjusting the basket dose.
sour: Grind finer by ~22μm and use pre-boiled water in the base. Sour moka pot output means extraction stalled before the caramel sweetness could develop. Pre-boiled water is critical — cold water in the base lets steam slow-cook grounds before extraction pressure builds.
French Press 66/100
Grind: 1015μm Temp: 92°C Ratio: 1:14.5-1:15.5 Time: 4:00-8:00

French press at 66/100 follows the metal-filter pattern: natural-process oils pass freely through the mesh, and for a medium-roast Colombian where the goal is dark chocolate and almond clarity, that oil passage adds perceived heaviness rather than relevant body. The recipe uses 92°C — slightly warmer than pour-over methods for this bean — because immersion's longer contact time at slightly lower temperature still reaches adequate extraction, and the warmer temperature compensates for the coarser grind (1,015μm) that French press requires to avoid sediment. The 4–8 minute steep window is generously wide: medium-roast Colombian at 1,600m doesn't need the maximum 8 minutes to extract properly, so starting at 4 minutes and extending if the cup is flat gives good control.

Troubleshooting
strong: Reduce dose 1g or add 15g water. French press's full immersion with natural-process oils makes this medium Colombian natural taste richer than its TDS suggests. Overstrength here reads as heavy and one-dimensional — diluting is the first adjustment to try.
bitter: Grind coarser by ~22μm and drop temp 1°C. Bitterness in French press with this bean means over-extraction — either too fine a grind creating excessive fines in solution, or too long a steep. Coarser grind at 1,015μm baseline reduces extraction rate and fines simultaneously.
Cold Brew 64/100
Grind: 915μm Temp: 0°C Ratio: 1:6.5-1:7.5 Time: 720:00-1080:00

Cold brew scores 64/100 for this medium-roast Colombian natural — notably different from the 0/100 the light version receives. Medium roast's lower CGA content and higher solubility make cold extraction feasible in a way that light roast is not: the Maillard-built dark chocolate and caramel compounds are more soluble in cold water than the intact CGAs and higher-density structure of a light roast. Cold water's suppression of CGA hydrolysis works in this bean's favor — fewer bitter quinic acid byproducts, more of the medium-roast sweetness expressing clean. The 80g/560g concentrate ratio with 915μm grind targets 12–18 hours, allowing melanoidin extraction to develop over time. The natural-process fermentation character may partially mute in cold brew, but the dark chocolate core remains.

Troubleshooting
flat: Grind finer by ~22μm; verify water minerals. Flat cold brew on this medium natural means the dark chocolate and caramel compounds aren't dissolving sufficiently. Finer grind increases surface area to compensate for cold water's lower solubility for medium-roast Maillard products.
strong: Reduce dose 1g or add 15g water to the concentrate. Cold brew at 1:7 is designed as a concentrate for dilution. This medium Colombian natural's oil content from natural processing makes the undiluted concentrate taste very heavy — dilute 1:1 with cold water before evaluating strength.